❉ Catheters without valves will always require a clamp to prevent blood reflux or air entry into the lumen(s).This helps reduce the potential for retrograde blood flow with possible catheter occlusion and reduced risk for air embolism. When not in use the closed valve seals fluid inside the catheter preventing blood from entering the catheter. The valve is a pressure-sensitive slit that remains closed unless fluids are infused (positive pressure: valve opens outward) or blood is withdrawn (negative pressure: valve opens inward).Total Parenteral nutrition requires a dedicated lumen. Multiple lumen allow separate infusion for each channel. States that the flow (Q) of fluid is related to a number of factors: the viscosity (n) of the fluid, the pressure gradient across the tubing (P), and the length (L) and diameter(r) of the tubing. Vascular Access Catheter TipS (2000) Polyurethane vs. Check manufacturer recommendations Iodine based disinfectants can degrade silicone.More venous thromboses in polyurethane catheters.Kinking possible in lower durometer/thin walled tubing.Difficult to coat with specialized coatings.More difficult to insert and advance due to softness.Slightly textured surface (microscopically) may increase thrombogenesis.Kink resistant when extruded with greater wall thickness.
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